Its properties make it easy to weld, forge, cast or machine. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Innovations developed by nasa and its industry partners in a wide array of fields. Topics covered introduction chemical composition physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties other designations introduction. Despite using only a small amount of magnesium per can, this industry is still the largest consumer of the metal. As a master alloy, zincmagnesium can be used for grain refining, hardening, and improving alloy performance by enhancing properties such as ductility and machinability. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical. Magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns. Magnesium aluminum mgal based alloys are the most widely studied and used mg alloys due to their excellent castability, reasonable mechanical properties at room temperature, and good corrosion resistance 11. Alloys in which magnesium and silicon are the principal alloying elements, commonly used for architectural extrusions and automotive components 7xxx. Two major magnesium alloy systems are available to the designer. Magnesium alloys are also used in many other engineering applications where being lightweight is a significant advantage. Such designed alloy when subjected to an appropriate processing technique shows a combination of strength and formability that surpasses those of.
Srbased alloys aj alloys are found to have superior creep performance and. The az31 alloy is one of the most popular magnesium alloys with aluminum. Bmw used magnesium alloy blocks in their n52 engine, including an aluminium alloy insert for the cylinder walls and cooling jackets surrounded by a hightemperature magnesium alloy aj62a. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties 268 3. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 269 in the previous works it was observed that az91 alloy had poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
The second part, 91, gives the roundedoff percentages of aluminum and zinc. High stiffnesstoweight, castability, machinability, and excellent damping are desirable properties of magnesium alloys that factor into the material selection process. Aluminiummagnesium casting alloys have a wide range of application, especially in the automotive and shipborne industry that is directly related to their good mechanical properties 1, 2. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their. High mechanical properties of az91 mg alloy processed by. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have. Magnesium alloys article about magnesium alloys by the. Unalloyed magnesium is not extensively used for structural purposes. Due to its low mass density and good mechanical properties, this structural material. This thesis aims to provide new knowledge regarding the role played by microstructure in the mechanical performance of the magnesium alloy. In order to improve significantly the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, all the castings for cars and bikes are subjected to solution heattreatments.
Review the corrosion performance and mechanical properties. A magnesiumbased alloy with large lithium content demonstrates high specific strength in combination with corrosion resistance, associated with the formation of a. This has led to extensive research focused on understanding the properties of magnesium and how these can be controlled during processing. Magnesiumbase products are available in a wide range of mechanical properties. Using the astm alphanumeric designation system encourages grouping magnesium alloys by principal alloy composition. The engine was used worldwide between 2005 and 2011 in various. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of aluminium copper magnesium alloy girisha. Standard specification for magnesiumalloy investment castings.
Samples were characterized by mechanical properties and structure in different heat treatment tempers. The usage of magnesium is also in applications of medicals because of its low weight. Az31, specifically, is an alloy of 3mass% al and 1mass% zn, whereas az61 is an. Magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy presents an authoritative overview of all aspects of magnesium alloy metallurgy, including physical metallurgy, deformation, corrosion and applications.
It is strong, has good heat dissipation, good damping and is readily available. In the context of this lecture not every individual alloy and its properties have been treated in detail, but rather divided into alloy types with reference to the most commonly used alloys. Introduction magnesium alloys most frequently used nowadays. Corrosion resistance is achieved by enforcing very strict limits on three metallic impuritiesiron, copper and nickel. Biodegradation zk50 magnesium alloy compression screws. Magnesiumzirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. They are prepared from a base of magnesium and a metal with limited solubility in solid magnesium. Fatigue endurance of magnesium alloys 1 are more likely to reduce fatigue life than variations in chemical compositions or heat treatment. Removing the relatively rough ascast surfaces of castings by machining improves fatigue properties of the castings, what is. Wrought magnesium alloy had higher mechanical properties than the conventional cast magnesium alloy, so it would be the main pattern of. Magnesium is a silverywhite metal which is used as an alloy element for zinc, lead, aluminum, and other nonferrous alloys. Material properties of magnesium randy beals a a friendly friendly material properties.
Magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. The material and its properties magnesium diecasting. Requirements for heat treatment and tensile test are detailed. Magnesium alloys have low ductility and poor formability. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth. Beer and soda cans dont have the same requirements as aerospace alloys, yet a small amount of magnesium is used in the aluminum alloy that forms these cans. Prioritising the health and wellbeing of all of our staff. Az31b finds application in wide variety of uses including aircraft fuselages, cell phone and laptop cases, speaker cones and concrete tools. Magnesium is the lightest of all light metal alloys and therefore is an excellent choice for engineering applications when weight is a critical design element. However, magnesium also creates challenges at certain stages of raw alloy melting, fabrication of. Magnesium characteristics, properties, and applications. Physicalchemical properties of mg vs other matls property units condition az91 am60 al380 al a356 nylon abs dc t6 30% glass sg gravity gcm 3 1. Monitoring and adhering to all advice provided by the uk government, public heath england, the nhs and other advisory bodies to ensure that we play our role in supressing the spread of the virus.
Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum based alloys containing strontium aitao tang 1, fusheng pan. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, however, are below those of the strongest of the aluminium alloys. Pdf microstructure and tensile properties of the mg6zn. Available alloy forms include sheets and plates, discs, foils, rods, tubes, wires, and. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. Introducing the mgalre alloys for high temperature applications and investigating the reasons of poor mechanical properti es of mgal based magnesium alloys at high temperatures.
Azseries alloys are essentially alloys that include aluminum and zinc, with a magnesium base. Magnesium alloys magnesiumbased alloys, the strongest and most refractory alloys. This magnesium alloy obtained in the t5 temper higher. The material and its properties characteristic physical properties magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. Alloys in which zinc is the principal alloying element although other elements, such as copper, magnesium, chromium, and zirconium. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum. It can be alloyed with other metals, making them more beneficial. Individual contributions of gadolinium and yttrium to age hardening and high temperature strength of magnesium alloys containing both elements are investigated using alloys containing different gd. Their density, being the lowest of all structural metals, makes them the primary choice in global attempts aimed at reducing the weight of transportation vehicles. This makes them particularly attractive for industry, especially in cases where the low weight of constructions is critical, as in aircraft and space apparatus construction. Designing a magnesium alloy with high strength and high. The uniqueness of the magnesium alloys is illustrated in. Magnesiumbased alloys containing rareearth metals are important structural materials, as they combine low density with highstrength properties.
Complex wrought magnesiumbased alloys suffer from poor ductility, strong yield asymmetry, and lower than desired fatigue performance. The microstructure and mechanical properties of az31 magnesium. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of. The first part of the designation, az, signifies that aluminum and zinc are the two principal alloying elements. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. The alloy of magnesium is also used in gearboxes especially in aircrafts.
Because of the high chemical activity of magnesium, the number of metals suitable for the production of magnesium alloys is relatively small. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Magnesium alloy implants have lower stress load and can be absorbed gradually, but their degradation rates are too fast generally. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesium. China 2college of materials, chongqing institute of technology, 4 xingsheng road, yangjiaping, chongqing 400050, p. These alloys are characterised by relatively good castability and are distinguished by excellent corrosion resistance due to high magnesium content 3, 4.
Magnesium alloys with their unique physical and chemical properties are important candidates for many modern engineering applications. Ebert department of material science and engineering, technical uni6ersity of clausthal, sachsenweg 8, 38678 clausthalzellerfeld, germany abstract magnesium is the lightest of all metals used as the basis for constructional alloys. Alloy data 3 s e c t i o n3 section contents nadca no. Specific yield and ultimate strength of the investigated alloy were reported to be higher if compared to the more common az91 magnesium alloys and comparable to that of the widely used a356 cast aluminum alloy. Magnesium alloy properties a31115 standard 322 magnesium alloy characteristics a31215 guidelines 323 6 zinc and za alloys 326. Rare earth elements are used in many alloys to improve elevated temperature creep. Structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. Magnesium past concerns were mainly corrosion, few for fire solid magnesium requires significant heat to melt melting point is the same as aluminium melting must occur before opportunity to burn newer alloys we43, elektron 21 are more flame resistant than older alloys magnesium used in aircraft engines. Zinc magnesium is one of numerous high purity alloys manufactured by american elements. A highspecificstrength and corrosionresistant magnesium.
Composition optimization and mechanical properties of mg. Magnesium is a fascinating element and widely used in commercial products ranging from large car components to pencil sharpeners and printing it is not a rare material, but is surprisingly difficult to source as a useable sheet. Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile and. These are limited to very low levels making it necessary to use. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is of primary concern. It is our goal to constantly exceed our customers requirements for quality while maintaining on time delivery. Magnesium alloys properties in solid and liquid states. B40312 standard specification for magnesiumalloy investment castings magnesium alloy castings. Az31b is a wrought magnesium alloy with good roomtemperature strength and ductility combined with corrosion resistance and weldability. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth rich magnesium casting alloy v. These unfavourable properties are exacerbated by the heterogeneity of the microstructure and strong texture forming in mg alloys during conventional thermomechanical processing. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy sciencedirect. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys.